See -ian on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-iānus",
"-ianus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:-iānus",
"id": "related to"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-(i)yós\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-nos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ānos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-iānus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ian\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"related to\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ian\" id=\"English:_related_to\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-iānus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -iānus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -iānus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more -ian",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most -ian",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ians",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ian (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -ian, superlative most -ian)",
"name": "en-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "-ian (noun-forming suffix, plural -ians)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
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{
"_dis": "56 31 13",
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"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
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{
"_dis": "52 32 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "53 34 13",
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{
"_dis": "55 31 14",
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{
"_dis": "54 33 13",
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"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
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{
"_dis": "54 32 14",
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{
"_dis": "54 33 13",
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"_dis": "55 31 14",
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"_dis": "55 34 11",
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{
"_dis": "55 34 11",
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"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
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{
"_dis": "52 32 15",
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"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "74 23 3",
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"name": "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
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{
"_dis": "55 31 14",
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"_dis": "55 33 12",
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"_dis": "52 32 15",
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}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Arthurian"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Hermitian"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Lipschitzian"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Newtonian"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "utopian"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Washingtonian"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Wilmingtonian"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "Madrilenian",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From, related to, or like."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--ian-en-suffix-ZxZsmwFF",
"raw_glosses": [
"(as an adjective) From, related to, or like."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as an adjective"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-ski",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-скі"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ià"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"note": "use attributive noun",
"sense": "related to"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "zh",
"note": "use attributive noun",
"sense": "related to"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ský"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ký (after s, c or k)"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-isch"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ien"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "-uri",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ური"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"note": "in words ending with -r",
"roman": "-uli",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ული"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-isch"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iano"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iana"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-ĭskŭ",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ьскъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ski"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-skij",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ский"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"english": "when stressed",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-skoj",
"sense": "related to",
"translation": "when stressed",
"word": "-ской"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ec",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ец"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ínec",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-и́нец"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-inec",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-инец"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-inka",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-инка"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ínka",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-и́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "-īya",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ईय"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iano"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iana"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 5 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-sʹkyj",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ський"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 29 8 33",
"kind": "other",
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],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-an"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-ate"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-ese"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-ic"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-id"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-ish"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-oid"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-ory"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-ous"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "quasi-"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-y"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "4 90 6",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "magician"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 6",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "physician"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 90 6",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "politician"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "Madrilenian",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One from, belonging to, relating to, or like."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--ian-en-suffix-EpjLipXm",
"raw_glosses": [
"(as a noun) One from, belonging to, relating to, or like."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as a noun"
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "32 64 4",
"word": "-ienne"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-ski",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-скі"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ský"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ký (after s, c or k)"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ien"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"note": "in words ending with -r",
"roman": "-uli",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ული"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-iano"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-скӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-ĭskŭ",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ьскъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ski"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-skij",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ский"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ru",
"english": "when stressed",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-skoj",
"sense": "belonging to",
"translation": "when stressed",
"word": "-ской"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ec",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ец"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ínec",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-и́нец"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-inec",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-инец"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-inka",
"sense": "belonging to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-инка"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ínka",
"sense": "belonging to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-и́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "-īya",
"sense": "belonging to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ईय"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ca"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ce"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-sʹkyj",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ський"
}
]
},
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "14 8 78",
"english": "compare comedienne",
"sense": "having a profession",
"translation": "compare comedienne",
"word": "comedian"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 8 78",
"sense": "having a profession",
"word": "musician"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a certain profession."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en--ian-en-suffix-nMKOCj99",
"raw_glosses": [
"(as a noun) Having a certain profession."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as a noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 8 79",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "having a profession",
"word": "-iant"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 8 79",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "having a profession",
"word": "-ien"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 8 79",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having a profession",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "-ski"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪjən/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-Ian.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga/En-us-Ian.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-յան",
"-յան#Armenian"
],
[
"-եան",
"-եան#Old_Armenian"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hy",
"3": "-յան"
},
"expansion": "Armenian -յան (-yan)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xcl",
"3": "-եան"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian -եան (-ean)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Armenian -յան (-yan), from Old Armenian -եան (-ean).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-yan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ian (proper noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "en-prop"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 29 8 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 25 6 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 29 4 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A romanization of the Armenian surname suffix -յան (-yan)."
],
"id": "en--ian-en-suffix-nhHRbx6I",
"links": [
[
"-յան",
"-յան#Armenian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪjən/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-Ian.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga/En-us-Ian.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "-ian",
"word": "-ien"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -ien (“-ian”)"
],
"id": "en--ian-enm-suffix-KIZv9luC",
"links": [
[
"-ien",
"-ien#Middle_English:_ian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-y"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"West Country"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "-ee"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Early Middle English or Kentish",
"or Southwest Midland"
],
"tags": [
"Southern"
],
"word": "-ien"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "-e"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"especially Norfolk"
],
"word": "-yn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"after vowels"
],
"word": "-n"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-ōjan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ōjan"
],
[
"*-ōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ōn"
],
[
"*-ōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōną"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gmw-pro:*-ōjan<id:verbal>",
"id": "verbal"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōn\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōjan\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ian\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }\" data-id=\"verbal\" data-lang=\"ang\" data-title=\"-ian\" id=\"Old_English:_verbal\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By syncope from earlier *-ōjan, a northern Ingvaeonic innovated form of Proto-West Germanic *-ōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġe",
"links": [
[
"-iġe",
"-ige#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-odest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-odon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġe",
"links": [
[
"-iġe",
"-ige#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġen",
"links": [
[
"-iġen",
"-igen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-oden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-iende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-od",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj-anglian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2 Anglian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ianne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġe",
"links": [
[
"-iġe",
"-ige#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-adun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-adon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġe",
"links": [
[
"-iġe",
"-ige#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġen",
"links": [
[
"-iġen",
"-igen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-aden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-iende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"type": "verb"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ian<w2/ge:0>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ian<w2/ge:0>"
},
"name": "ang-conj-anglian"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbs from nouns and adjectives."
],
"id": "en--ian-ang-suffix-6naDrQkn",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.ɑn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-i.ɑn"
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-ijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ijaną"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ijaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-conj-wk1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ides",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-id",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-idun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-idi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-idis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-idi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-idin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gi-id",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-id",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-conj-wk3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-da",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-des",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-da",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-dun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-di",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-di",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-din",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gi-d",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-d",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "-id"
},
"name": "osx-conj-wk1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "-"
},
"name": "osx-conj-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "wekkian \"to awake\" (class 1 weak verbs)"
},
{
"text": "seggian \"to say\" (class 3 weak verbs)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the infinitive of class 1 weak verbs (as well as a few strong verbs also ending in -ian like biddian or liggian, and class 3 weak verbs)"
],
"id": "en--ian-osx-suffix-P4EZmta0",
"links": [
[
"-ian",
"-ian"
],
[
"biddian",
"biddian"
],
[
"liggian",
"liggian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "bellmanian"
},
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "gustavian"
},
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "hegelian"
},
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "kantian"
},
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "kartesian"
},
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "rudbeckian"
},
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "schellingian"
},
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "thorildian"
},
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "wertherian"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes a follower of something."
],
"id": "en--ian-sv-suffix-qNS7Ug~q",
"raw_glosses": [
"(as a noun) Denotes a follower of something."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as a noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-an",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "clawr (“board, surface”) + -ian → clorian (“to weigh”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sgrech (“scream, screech”) + -ian → sgrechian (“to scream, to screech”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbnouns."
],
"id": "en--ian-cy-suffix-E8~lC5bY",
"links": [
[
"verbnouns",
"w:Verbnoun"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/jan/"
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjective-forming suffixes",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English proper noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Armenian",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Armenian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old Armenian",
"English terms derived from Old Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "-al"
},
{
"word": "-an"
},
{
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"word": "-ate"
},
{
"word": "-ese"
},
{
"word": "-ic"
},
{
"word": "-id"
},
{
"word": "-ish"
},
{
"word": "-oid"
},
{
"word": "-ory"
},
{
"word": "-ous"
},
{
"word": "quasi-"
},
{
"word": "-y"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Arthurian"
},
{
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Hermitian"
},
{
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Lipschitzian"
},
{
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Newtonian"
},
{
"sense": "related to",
"word": "utopian"
},
{
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Washingtonian"
},
{
"sense": "related to",
"word": "Wilmingtonian"
},
{
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "magician"
},
{
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "physician"
},
{
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "politician"
},
{
"english": "compare comedienne",
"sense": "having a profession",
"translation": "compare comedienne",
"word": "comedian"
},
{
"sense": "having a profession",
"word": "musician"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"-iānus",
"-ianus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:-iānus",
"id": "related to"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-(i)yós\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-nos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ānos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-iānus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ian\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"related to\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ian\" id=\"English:_related_to\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-iānus"
},
"expansion": "Latin -iānus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -iānus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more -ian",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most -ian",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ians",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-an",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ian (adjective-forming suffix, comparative more -ian, superlative most -ian)",
"name": "en-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "s"
},
"expansion": "-ian (noun-forming suffix, plural -ians)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ienne"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "Madrilenian",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From, related to, or like."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"raw_glosses": [
"(as an adjective) From, related to, or like."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as an adjective"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "Madrilenian",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One from, belonging to, relating to, or like."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"raw_glosses": [
"(as a noun) One from, belonging to, relating to, or like."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as a noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Having a certain profession."
],
"head_nr": 2,
"raw_glosses": [
"(as a noun) Having a certain profession."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as a noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪjən/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-Ian.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga/En-us-Ian.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-ski",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-скі"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ià"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"note": "use attributive noun",
"sense": "related to"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "zh",
"note": "use attributive noun",
"sense": "related to"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ský"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ký (after s, c or k)"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-isch"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ien"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "-uri",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ური"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"note": "in words ending with -r",
"roman": "-uli",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-isch"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iano"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iana"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-ĭskŭ",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ьскъ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ski"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-skij",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ский"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "when stressed",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-skoj",
"sense": "related to",
"translation": "when stressed",
"word": "-ской"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ec",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ínec",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-и́нец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-inec",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-инец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-inka",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-инка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ínka",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-и́нка"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "-īya",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ईय"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iano"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "related to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iana"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-sʹkyj",
"sense": "related to",
"word": "-ський"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-ski",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-скі"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ský"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ký (after s, c or k)"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ien"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"note": "in words ending with -r",
"roman": "-uli",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ული"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ian"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-iano"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-скӣ"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-ĭskŭ",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ьскъ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ski"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-skij",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ский"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "when stressed",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-skoj",
"sense": "belonging to",
"translation": "when stressed",
"word": "-ской"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ec",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ínec",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-и́нец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-inec",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-инец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-inka",
"sense": "belonging to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-инка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ínka",
"sense": "belonging to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-и́нка"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "-īya",
"sense": "belonging to",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ईय"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ca"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ce"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-sʹkyj",
"sense": "belonging to",
"word": "-ський"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "having a profession",
"word": "-iant"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "having a profession",
"word": "-ien"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "having a profession",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "-ski"
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English proper noun-forming suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Armenian",
"English terms derived from Armenian",
"English terms derived from Old Armenian",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"-յան",
"-յան#Armenian"
],
[
"-եան",
"-եան#Old_Armenian"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hy",
"3": "-յան"
},
"expansion": "Armenian -յան (-yan)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xcl",
"3": "-եան"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian -եան (-ean)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Armenian -յան (-yan), from Old Armenian -եան (-ean).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-yan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ian (proper noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "en-prop"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A romanization of the Armenian surname suffix -յան (-yan)."
],
"links": [
[
"-յան",
"-յան#Armenian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪjən/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/jən/",
"tags": [
"British",
"Southern",
"Standard"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-uk-ian-suffix.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-Ian.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga/En-us-Ian.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/En-us-Ian.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"var": "1"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "-ian",
"word": "-ien"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English variant lemmas",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -ien (“-ian”)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ien",
"-ien#Middle_English:_ian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-y"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"West Country"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "-ee"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Early Middle English or Kentish",
"or Southwest Midland"
],
"tags": [
"Southern"
],
"word": "-ien"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "-e"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"especially Norfolk"
],
"word": "-yn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"after vowels"
],
"word": "-n"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-ōjan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ōjan"
],
[
"*-ōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ōn"
],
[
"*-ōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōną"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gmw-pro:*-ōjan<id:verbal>",
"id": "verbal"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōn\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōjan\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ian\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }\" data-id=\"verbal\" data-lang=\"ang\" data-title=\"-ian\" id=\"Old_English:_verbal\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By syncope from earlier *-ōjan, a northern Ingvaeonic innovated form of Proto-West Germanic *-ōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġe",
"links": [
[
"-iġe",
"-ige#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-odest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-odon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġe",
"links": [
[
"-iġe",
"-ige#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġen",
"links": [
[
"-iġen",
"-igen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-oden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-iende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-od",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj-anglian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2 Anglian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ianne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġe",
"links": [
[
"-iġe",
"-ige#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-adun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-adon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġe",
"links": [
[
"-iġe",
"-ige#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġen",
"links": [
[
"-iġen",
"-igen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-aden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-iende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"type": "verb"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ian<w2/ge:0>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-ian<w2/ge:0>"
},
"name": "ang-conj-anglian"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 2 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with etymon",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verb-forming suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Old English/i.ɑn",
"Rhymes:Old English/i.ɑn/2 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbs from nouns and adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.ɑn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-i.ɑn"
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-ijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ijaną"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ijaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-conj-wk1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ides",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-id",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ida",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-idun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-idi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-idis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-idi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-idin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gi-id",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-id",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-conj-wk3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-da",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-es",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-des",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-da",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-dun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-di",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-di",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-din",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gi-d",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-d",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "-id"
},
"name": "osx-conj-wk1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "-"
},
"name": "osx-conj-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon class 1 weak verbs",
"Old Saxon class 3 weak verbs",
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon suffixes",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon verb-forming suffixes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "wekkian \"to awake\" (class 1 weak verbs)"
},
{
"text": "seggian \"to say\" (class 3 weak verbs)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the infinitive of class 1 weak verbs (as well as a few strong verbs also ending in -ian like biddian or liggian, and class 3 weak verbs)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ian",
"-ian"
],
[
"biddian",
"biddian"
],
[
"liggian",
"liggian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "bellmanian"
},
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "gustavian"
},
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "hegelian"
},
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "kantian"
},
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "kartesian"
},
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "rudbeckian"
},
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "schellingian"
},
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "thorildian"
},
{
"sense": "follower of",
"word": "wertherian"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish noun-forming suffixes",
"Swedish suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes a follower of something."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(as a noun) Denotes a follower of something."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as a noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-an",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh suffixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "clawr (“board, surface”) + -ian → clorian (“to weigh”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sgrech (“scream, screech”) + -ian → sgrechian (“to scream, to screech”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbnouns."
],
"links": [
[
"verbnouns",
"w:Verbnoun"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/jan/"
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ian meaning in All languages combined (31.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: adjective-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ian"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ian",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ian"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ian",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: proper noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ian"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ian",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "-ian/English/suffix: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"lang_code\": \"yue\", \"note\": \"use attributive noun\", \"sense\": \"related to\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ian",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "-ian/English/suffix: 'word' is missing and should be a non-empty string: {\"code\": \"zh\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"note\": \"use attributive noun\", \"sense\": \"related to\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ian",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.